To me, naked is a personal state of being stripped physically or emotionally for all the world to see "Yes I am naked Nothing between my skin and the rest of the world." Nude is less personal way of describing something that is uncovered whether it be yourself or someone or something else.
I tend to agree with that take.
My wife draws a bigger distinction between the two than I do. When she is involved in a social or physical activity around other people at the resort, she considers it "naked" because of the degree people can see her fully "au naturel." Sometimes it can be a little intimidating (vulnerability) and sometimes it can be empowering "I'm good; I've got nothing to hide." But either way she sees it as "naked."
When she is lounging by the lake, she sees it as "nude" because although she is still "au naturel"; it is more contained with a lot less "exposure."
Me; I consider myself "naked" most of the time.
Nude has a very specific meaning and connotation in the art world. While naked is just a condition of undress. Nude seems to feel like a less has term because it isnt focused purely on the state of dress. I use the terms according to what I am referring if its just about a state of dress then naked if its something more than that like a state of mind while being unclothed then nude.
For me, it's a matter of condition. A nude person is always voluntarily without clothes, whereas a naked person can be involuntarily forced into that situation. When I go without clothes, I can be considered both nude and naked, but a prisoner who is stripped of his clothing is naked, but not nude.